The Scramble for Africa - 980 Words

For thirty years after Otto von Bismarck called the Berlin Conference in 1884 to discuss the division of Africa between European powers, said powers both occupied and colonized Africa. Many different intricate societies who each had different reactions to the Scramble for Africa composed Africa of the era. While a large majority of Africans reacted to the Europeans presence violently, others relied on religious apple or polite denials to soften the blow of imperialism. Violent reactions to European imperialism spanned across all parts of Africa; however, large weapons gaps between the Europeans and Africans were often the deciding factor of the success of these skirmishes. Ndansi Kumalo, an African veteran of the Ndebele people of southern Africas rebellion against the British in 1896, recalls that he had an old gun [while] they-the White men-fought [the Africans] with big guns, machine guns, and rifles (Doc. 4). Similarly, an African chiefs description of a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries demonstrates the unfamiliarity many Africans had with firearms. When describing the battle, the chief mentions the long sticks [that] spat fire (Doc. 9). The speaker of document 9 carries the idea that white men are evil based on their actions, telling them that they â€Å"have sickness in [their] heads, for this [bloodshed] is not justice† (Document 9). On the other hand, Ethiopia, while still acting violently, reacted to the forcefulShow MoreRelatedThe Scramble for Africa1154 Words   |  5 Pages What was the Scramble for Africa? The Scramble for Africa was a period of time where major European countries fought over and colonized land in Africa, stretching from South Africa to Egypt. The scramble for Africa began shortly after the slave trade, and ended at WW1, and is a strong representation of the ‘New Imperialism’. The first country to act was Belgium, who colonized Congo at 1885, but soon, other countries such as Portugal and Great Britain joined in in order to not miss out. FirstlyRead MoreScramble for Africa1841 Words   |  8 PagesWhat were the major historical factors explaining ‘the scramble for Africa’? In order to approach this essay question, my analysis will be divided into two parts. The first section will define what the scramble for Africa means. In the subsequent sections, I will refer to the case history of colonization of Africa by some European countries, the motives behind their actions and its consequences on Africa particularly. The scramble for Africa was described as the golden period of European expansionismRead MoreScramble for Africa835 Words   |  4 PagesEuropean powers were involved in Africa since the mid-1500s but had restricted their area of influence to only the coastal regions of Western Africa, where powers such as Great Britain established hubs for their highly profitable slave trade (David). Over a period of nearly three hundred years, European ships had transported more than 11 million people from Africa to different areas of the world, including America after the slave trade was abolished in Europe, and sold them into slavery (David)Read MoreThe Scramble for Africa Essay1032 Words   |  5 PagesThe scramble for Africa represents the most thorough and systematic process of colonialism in world history. The European colonial powers managed to conquer and control almost the entire continent of Africa in a short, twenty-five year period from about 1875 to 1900. Some of the European state s involved were already well-established global powers; the others were up and coming nations that desired to emulate and compete with the dominant imperial states. Various factors allowed for and contributedRead MoreEssay on The Scramble for Africa1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scramble for Africa is one of the best examples of colonization in world history. Europe alone managed to colonize the entire African continent in a period of roughly twenty five years, spanning from 1875 to 1900. The quest for power by European nations was only one of the driving forces for this race for colonization. The geographical location and the natural resources to be exploited in certain regions of the continent were important factors in the race for land. Another factor that contributedRead MoreScramble Africa And The Aftermath Essay2328 Words   |  10 PagesScrambling Africa and the Aftermath. One common phenomenon between many nations of the world is the colony. The United States, Canada, South Korea, Niger, India, Kenya, Australia, and the Republic of South Africa and more shared the pros and cons of colonial systems. They are all former colonies to the extent that India, Nigeria, South Africa, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand are members of the Commonwealth, they are former colonies of the United Kingdom and they all continue to concede the nominalRead MorePartition and Scramble of Africa1582 Words   |  7 Pagesunprecedented manner, even though there was little interest in Africa up to the 1870s. In fact, up to 1880 Europeans ruled merely 10% of the African continent. Yet within 30 years, by 1914, European nations will have claimed all of Africa except Liberia (a small territory of freed slaves from the United States) and Abyssinia (Ethiopia), which had successfully held off Italian invaders at the battle of Adowa in 1896. The partitioning of Africa was seen as a means of easing tensions between European statesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Scramble For Africa 1152 Words   |  5 Pagesto the scramble for Africa. Though there was no one that stood in the place of a mother to tell the European powers that they needed to share, the single greatest power of the time, Great Britain, surly tried to play the part of mamma. â€Å"The scramble for Africa is subject to countless studies†¦ no single event set off the scramble†. Taking a look at two of the factors that played a massive role in the scramble, globalization, and natural resources, a picture to why the scramble for Africa took placeRead MoreThe Scramble for Africa Essay583 Words   |  3 Pagestribes in Africa. The Africans had no choice, their opinions didn’t matter, they were just like the land: they were just property. Life for the Africans wasn’t always run by imperialist. Although Europeans did have ties with the Europeans in the 1450s, the Europeans didn’t have control over much land. The land they did have control over was costal; they were afraid to venture any further because of the high risk of malaria. Another factor was African tribes having a strong militaries. Africa was brokenRead MoreThe Scramble For African Colonization Of Africa1733 Words   |  7 Pages The Scramble for Africa had a massive impact on the lives of the citizens that lived there. In the 1870’s when Germany became the new leader in the European industry with chemicals and electrical products. This time was known as the second industrial revolution when transportation in the country came about it effected routes of trade became easily available thus making. The growth of European colonization of Africa which was unique because they started to colonized later than everyone else. For

Management Skills - 2026 Words

Introduction Time is one of the most valuable resources for everyone. It should be managed properly by the managers of any organizations in order to run the organizations smoothly. And, Delegation is a process of assigning task by one person to the other. The purpose of this essay is to discuss how managers cannot function effectively without good Time Management and Delegation skills. It then discusses the benefits of time management and delegation, drawbacks of delegations and measures to improve time management and delegation skills. Time Management Managing time is very vital as time is very essential to everyone. Therefore, it should be used properly as it cannot be restored. It is a skill that anyone can develop if remain†¦show more content†¦It helps managers to become more productive which eventually helps the organization to gain more good reputation in outside world. Consequently, being productive means there is a chance of being promoted to next level as well. In addition, due to effective time management, there will be reduction in stress levels. The confidence level grows with the increase in the accomplishments as a result of proper time management. And by completing allocated tasks on time, you have plenty of time to relax and have fun that ultimately leads to having peace of mind. Having a peace of mind means more focused at what we do and therefore, as a result it will be helpful in being more creative and innovative at work than others. Another advantage of time management is that it helps to identify and eliminate time wasting actions. Furthermore, Delegation saves time and helps in increasing productivity. It benefits managers, as it will free up time for them. Delegations helps to priorities work as managers complete their more urgent tasks and delegate less important tasks to other subordinates. Weightman J described â€Å"Members of staff are valued when responsibility is delegated to them, but this involves delegating real responsibility, not just giving people jobs to do†(Pg. no. 100). Delegating task encourages and motivates subordinates, as they are given the responsibility to complete the task that willShow MoreRelatedManagement Skills1662 Words   |  7 Pagesmiddle managers and top managers. Each of the three managers has different specific ability required. This essay focuses on top-level managers and what are the skills necessary for top-level manager or Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). This thesis will also identifies the three types of managerial skill and compares Katz theory of Managerial S kills with Minzberg theory of Managerial Roles. Chief executives officers (CEOs) are certainly responsible enough for their position in the firm. â€Å"Top managersRead MoreManagement Skills And Leadership Skills1528 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Skill Builder Introduction Strong management and leadership is very crucial for business success. It helps in driving innovation, unlocking the potential of employees, as well as enabling the manager to drive growth and productivity. It is never fast, and it is not always simple to build up depth and strength in management or leadership capabilities. However, the possible benefits are vivid: increased performance and profitability, improved rates of survival, and better employee wellbeingRead MoreManagement Skills And People Skills1726 Words   |  7 Pagesleader? The attributes of effective leadership reside in two categories, management skills and people skills. Management skills, also known as the mechanics of leadership, are the core components to effectively managing a group of people. Though one may be quite effective at the people skills of leadership, if he cannot adequately delegate, communicate, and adapt, he will be disorganized and overwhelmed. Management skills take a well-meaning, but disorganized, individual and give him the power toRead MoreManagement Skills And Leadership Skills1528 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Skill Builder Introduction Strong management and leadership is very crucial for business success. It helps in driving innovation, unlocking the potential of employees, as well as enabling the manager to drive growth and productivity. It is never fast, and it is not always simple to build up depth and strength in management or leadership capabilities. However, the possible benefits are vivid: increased performance and profitability, improved rates of survival, and better employee wellbeingRead MoreCareer Management : Skills And Skills1482 Words   |  6 Pagesfollowing task, a skills audit has been introduced, highlighting current aptitudes and capabilities against professional standards. Moreover, advancement needs have been identified and the exercises required to meet them have been expressed with the audit. At long last, a duplicate of my CV has been displayed highlighting my improvement opportunities made evident from undertaking this unit. Skill Area Description of Specific Skill Evidence of skill How I’m doing Action Career management skills Taking onRead MoreThe Time Management Skills That Helped907 Words   |  4 Pagesweek, so having a planner allowed me to not confuse the idea that 2.1 is due on Thursday instead of Tuesday. This also helped me with thinking about how much time I have until the next project is due. Other time management skills that helped was goal setting and learning better study skills. The goal setting that helped was realizing what a SMART goal is; Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic/Relevant, and Timely. For this semester, I was able to realize that unlike High School where I couldRead MoreGraduation Speech : Time Management, Memory Skills, And Study Skills1159 Words   |  5 Pagesclass has taught me how to succeed during my years in college. There are many things Student Success showed me that helped me during this first semester, but the four things that were most influential were Time Management, Memory Skills, Test Taking Skills, and Study Skills. Time Management was extremely helpful for me. Before college and before I took Student Success I never even thought about how I could arrange my day and time in order to be the most efficient I could. I would forget about my homeworkRead MoreThe Leadership And Management Skills1386 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and Management Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Leadership management is one of the most essential facets in our current generation and those to come. Exceptional leadership and management skills have the capacity of successfully carrying a company from one stage of development to the next, which synchronizes aspects of technology and adequate research. The leadership and management skills exhibited by iconic leaders are worth emulating because their names are noted throughout history due toRead MoreGlobal Management Skills779 Words   |  4 PagesMINA MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE SHARING THE VISION OF EXCELLENCE GLOBAL MANAGEMENT SKILLS The collapse of international economic boundaries, rapid changes, workforce mobility and diversity, and the economic interdependence of countries is what is popularly known as Globalisation. This phenomena poses difficult challenges to everyone especially mangers to reassess their capabilities and get ready to manage internationally. The need arises from the fact that traditional management skills are designedRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesan online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron

History of Fashion Free Essays

OVERVIEW The Ancient Middle East: 3500-600 B. C. Mens: Aprons worn as a separate item that cover the gential area and are worn over a skirt or some other garment, or over a loincloth and under a skirt. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now As being made of one or more pieces of cloth attached to a belt, sash, or band that fastens around the waist. 1470 – 11th century B. C. Womens: Tunic is any of several types of garment for the body, usually simple in style, reaching from the shoulders to a length somewhere between the hips and the ankles. The earliest tunics seem to have been made out of linen and that in some areas tunics first appeared just after wool came into use. 2500 – 1000 B. C. The Etruria and Rome: 800 B. C. –A. D. 400 Mens: Paludamentum was generally crimson, scarlet, or purple in color or sometimes white. It was fastened at the shoulder with a clasp, putting on the paludamentum was a ceremonial act on setting out for war. C. 800-200 B. C. Modern Influences: Versace, etc. Womens: Himation was a type of clothing in ancient Greece. It was usually worn over a chiton, but was made of heavier drape and played the role of a cloak. The himation continued into the Byzantine era, especially as iconographic dress for Christ and other figures from Biblical times, although it appears still to have been worn in real life. C. 800-200 B. C. Modern influences: San Patrick, etc. Conclusion In turn of this project, I really enjoyed it because I choose two style of ancient clothing I love; Rome and Egypt. The tunic is the basic style of clothing that’s very versatile that can be made worn by men, women and children. I like that when Rome gave the tunic an extra edge by either added silk and meaning to wearing it in certain ways like for higher class to the poor and giving omen a certain look when they’re wedded. The paludamentum was my second favorite because I love the gladiator war style look that brings to the masculinity of the man. The modern influence of Versace greatly brought that back when it was disappearing from the world. The two other pieces I choice were just stand by choices that I feel that ca n greatly complement each of the other garments. References Tunic, Apron, and Himation Definition: http://digitalbookshelf. artinstitutes. edu/#/books/978-1-60901-215-1 Paludamentum Definition: http://ancienthistory. about. com/od/clothing/g/011011-Paludamentum. htm Photos: http://symbolankh. evhub. com/img/upload/c-hm-thutmose-shadow. jpg http://www. fibre2fashion. com/industry-article/17/1615/contemporary-fashion-from-the-land-of-pharaohs3. asp http://www. versace. com/en/women-fashion-and-accessories/ss-13/fashion-show-collection http://www. weddinginspirasi. com/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/2010_san_patrick_wedding. jpg http://www. fashion-era. com/images/100_bc_ALLancient_history/bwlotus. jpg http://karenswhimsy. com/public-domain-images/ancient-roman-army/images/ancient-roman-army-4. jpg http://www. shutterstock. com/pic-46840795/stock-photo-neo-classical-women-like-goddess-in-roman-clothing. html How to cite History of Fashion, Essay examples

How Taubman Technique free essay sample

How Taubman Technique can be applied to young beginners piano learning- using traditional materials Background information With hundreds of years of evolution in the study of elementary piano, nowadays materials of this sort have been widely available, perhaps even gone rampant. This article argues the effectiveness of solely relying on certain elementary piano methods to teach, without the incorporation of a more holistic approach to piano playing. The beneficiaries of the renowned Taubman approach to piano technique are mostly injured concert pianists, conservatory students, and piano teachers, people who lready have more or less a certain degree of piano proficiency. Since Taubman approach is so effective in helping intermediate and advance pianists, I would like to experiment the application of it to young beginning childrens piano lesson. Seeing that systematic materials for young beginner based on Taubmans approach are extremely limited, my goal is not only to incorporate part of Taubmans ideas to the standard beginning teaching, but to suggest a way to make it an essential part of teaching, using existing beginning materials. We will write a custom essay sample on How Taubman Technique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This article will discuss how the Taubman Technique can be systematically taught, learned in young beginners lessons with traditional materials, using the Alfreds Basic Piano Library lesson series as a model. The need to incorporate a more holistic approach to beginning piano teaching There is a huge array of beginning piano materials- Hal Leonard, the Music Tree, Alfreds Basic Piano Library, Piano Adventure and so on. The methodology each publishing company varies slightly. Hal Leonard Piano Student Piano Library starts with off- staff notation recognition, and the Music Tree starts with recognition of roups of two and three black notes. Most of the companies sell books introducing theory, lessons, and other activities at a sequence. For example, Hal Lenard has lesson books, technique books, theory books, ear training books, game books tc. , and in the first page of lesson book, a chart is used to explain the sequence. None of the piano methods is perfect or complete; each has its own unique combination of strengths and weaknesses. Contrary to popular belief, a child doesnt become great by going through the designated steps in a beginning lesson book. To know simple heory, history of mus ic, and enjoy some fun piano games may be important for a 6- year-old beginner, but its not the most important thing to make a good pianist. A young beginner becomes great when his coordination with the instrument is properly developed. We make motions to produce music, therefore, music and technique are inseparable, and technique is coordination. (Lister-Sink) The and young beginning students, its not so much as to pound the concepts on paper into their brains- the head knowledge, rather, its the connection between their body and the instrument they feel that sticks- the body knowledge. Without a deliberate emphasis on teaching in the physical aspect of playing, the teachers found the most popular piano method books insufficient to help the student reach his full potential. Thats why there are so many people who quit after learning the piano for couple years, and so many advanced students, even those in the conservatories, suffer piano related injury. That makes me wonder, what can supplement my teaching with the Alfreds Basic Piano Library materials, or more precisely, what makes the material stay with the students, how to ingrain the sense of playing to the students. I suppose its not about the methods, its about the truth in the mechanisms of piano playing. Since its the people, human beings, who invented piano and developed its technique, the piano technique must be something thats inherently natural, and there must be a set of principles that can solve any pianistic problems. Through couple lessons with Certified Taubman teachers and research, I found out there are governing principles thats beyond the scope of existing materials in piano teaching. These principles need to be included in the very first lessons, regardless of what material used. Why using the Taubman concept to teach Started in 1976 by Dorothy Taubman, a New York piano teacher, Taubman approach is a ground breaking analysis of the invisible motions that function underneath a virtuoso technique. Ms. Taubman and her analysis helped pianists overcome technical limitations as well as cure playing-related injuries. Before meeting Tauman, American pianist Leon Fleisher and professor of Peabody Institute of Music was forced to play with only one hand for many years due to playing related hand injuries.

Money In The 90S Essays - Music Industry, Music, Sound, Startup Cult

Money In The 90'S Money in the 90's What do you do when you suddenly inherit money? Are you supposed to run out and spend it like crazy? Are you supposed to put it all in the bank? Do you tell anyone you have your money and where you got it from? These are all questions that went through my head as I turned 18. I was an overnight rich person. What was I to do? Ever since I can remember, my mother has been telling me, when you turn 18 you are going to get the money your Daddy left for you. For some reason I never really believed her. I thought that I would get about $2,000 or something and be able to buy a nice computer for college or something along those lines. I never thought I would be able to buy a house. I dont even want or need a house, but all of a sudden I am able to buy one. I did not grow up poor by any means, but I was not the kid on the street with money to toss out either. Now that I had money, what was I supposed to do with it? The first thing I did when I got my money was hug my mother really tight. Ever since I was 2 she had been paying taxes on it, investing it, making sure it was safe, and tons of other things she really did not have to do. She did it all out of the kindness of her heart. When the judge in control of my funds would be a dork and send us a nice little letter saying that he was sorry but had decided to move the money from a 10% interest account to a 4% account, my mother would be talking to our lawyer and trying to get it back to the good interest rate. We would always be getting letters like that, so having dinner with a man who charged us $250 an hour was not unusual. Even then I never realized that I would be getting actual money. I must have been in some kind of a dream land, but it did not make any sense until one certain rainy Monday. That Monday I had gotten called out of band by my lawyer, who to my suprise, was standing in my high school hallway. He handed me a stack of documents about 4 inches thick and instructed me to sign on various pages. I did so, and afterwards he gave me this big smile. Congratulations, Beth. You now are in control of your money. I asked him exactly how much I had to spend and he directed me to the bottom of the next to last page. I stared at an unbelievable figure - $84,000. Was my lawyer serious? I actually had a bank account somewhere with my name on it that contained that much money? I could go out and by a new car and give each of my friends cars? I did not understand how overnight I had gone from my little dream world to reality. I now had a bunch of dilemas to deal with, and I was not sure I even wanted them. Would having money change me? That was a major concern of mine for a long time after I got my money. I did not want to become one of those superficial people that depend on money to make them happy. On the other hand, now that I could afford to get nice things, I wanted to take advantage of it. I could now go out and buy a nice computer for college, maybe buy a new car, and finally get some new clothes. The last time I had money to spare on clothes, I was in the 6th grade, so I think I was a little overdue for a trip to the mall. Clothes, a computer, and a car seemed very shallow to me, so I decided to get some advice on what to do with my fortune. I did not want to spend all of my money and then wake up one day and realize it was all gone and I had to hunt for tuition. That would be the last thing in the world I would ever want. Randy Baird worked for American Express at the time, although now he works for Prudential Securities, and he was more than

Discrepancies between DRR and China’s Patent Law Essays

Discrepancies between DRR and China’s Patent Law Essays Discrepancies between DRR and China’s Patent Law Essay Discrepancies between DRR and China’s Patent Law Essay In response to the turning contention and argument over drug enrollment, the CFDA amended and released new guidelines/regulations for this issue based on relevant bill of exchange amendments, official outlining account and official notice. These alterations focused chiefly on the undermentioned facets: 1.Elimination of disagreements between DRR and China’s Patent Law As stated in the 2007 version of RDD, there are presently two commissariats sing drug patent protection in the enrollment procedure. Article 18 stipulates that when an applicant submits a drug enrollment petition, the expression, fabricating procedure and/or utilizations of that drug, patent information and its ownership position, every bit good as the non-infringement statements, shall all be provided to the CFDA. If patent differences arise while the application of drug enrollment is continuing, they must be settled in the context of relevant patent Torahs and ordinances. As for generic drug makers, in conformity with Article 19, they can merely subject the enrollment requests no more than two old ages before the termination of matching drug patents. Generic drugs which are approved by the CFDA will be given a valid Drug Approval Number along with some other certifications right after the termination day of the month of the patent. In the latest bill of exchange amendments, some accommodations have been made on both the commissariats and mandate processs. First, it is suggested that the phrase during the enrollment process in Article 18 and the biennial bound for Article 19 shall be removed. Second, approved generic drugs will have Drug Approval Number and relevant certifications in progress, but these paperss will merely come into consequence after the drug patent expires. Harmonizing to the Drafting Explanation, such alterations aim to extinguish contradictions and disagreements between DRR and China’s Patent Law. In 2008, patent infringement freedom for drugs has been extended such that patents of drugs, medical setup and instruments can be used for the intent of supplying necessary information for administrative blessing. This new freedom is similar to the Bolar Exemption , a proviso which is widely used to promote pharmaceutical R A ; D. Under these fortunes, patent differences during the enrollment procedure describe in Article 18 no longer be and the phrase can be omitted. Another issue that raises much concern is the clip bound on generic drug applications. Since the rating and blessing clip take much longer than earlier, the biennial period is non applicable to current applications any longer. As a effect of these holds, the rights of generic makers to market the drug on clip are deprived, connoting that patented drugs gain an drawn-out patent life automatically. 2.Addition of auxiliary application Under current DRR, clinical test applications submitted to the CDFA can non undergo any alterations. If there are changes to certain points such as expressions, fabrication procedures or production sites, the applier can merely take to retreat the application and file an wholly new one. In order to run into the demands of the pharmaceutical companies, the bill of exchange amendments added Article 50 to DRR, enabling the following alterations to be made during clinical tests in the signifier of auxiliary application: ( 1 ) Applicant alterations ( 2 ) Alterations on fabrication procedure, expression, strength in chemical drugs or biologics prior to Phase III clinical tests ( 3 ) Resettlement of fabrication sites prior to Phase III clinical tests ( 4 ) Changes to the readying procedures and strength of TCM Changes to the first three points require the presentation of relevant certifications and research informations to the CFDA while alterations to the last point have to be conducted pursuant to Complementary Provisions for TCM Registration. The Drafting Explanation pointed out that add-on of the new article farther encourages drug R A ; D and invention by supplying pharmaceutical companies with a greater degree of flexibleness to respond to the quickly altering environment. 3.Adjustments ofobservation period When a new drug receives blessing for production, it is subjected to an observation period of no more than five old ages to guarantee its safety. During this period, CFDA shall non accept new enrollment petition from any makers to bring forth, import, or to alter the dose signifiers of that peculiar drug. In add-on, applications which have been accepted but non yet approved will besides be returned. However, this limitation do no applies to clinical test applications of the same drug which have been approved before observation period begins. They will still be allowed to continue to the subsequent stairss in drug enrollment processes, and are able to obtain selling mandate every bit long as they meet the demands listed in the DRR. In the bill of exchange amendments, CFDA proposed that when a new drug enters its observation period, accepted but not-yet-approved applications from other makers can go on with their enrollment processes. A similar regulation applies to imported drug which additions its first selling mandate, and there is even one more option for appliers who have submitted their applications ; they can either take to transport on with the enrollment procedures or to retreat and replace their recognized application with a generic one. As mentioned in the Drafting Explanation, the intent of these accommodations is to work out the contention on registration application returning and to farther stimulate drug R A ; D. The current regulation has created a hostile ambiance in the industry because all drug makers have to vie with each other and strive to derive clinical tests blessing in front of the first NDA issue. Under the new proviso, there are more chances for appliers and it helps to construct a healthy competitory environment for pharmaceutical invention. 4.Alterations on generic drugapplicationprocedure Before get downing a bioequivalence survey, a generic drug must travel through and go through several phases of review. Once a generic drug application is submitted, PFDA will transport out an on-site review on drug R A ; D conditions and its production site. In add-on, the appliers have to convey forth the natural information together with choice specifications of the drug. In the interim, three batches of merchandises will be collected as samples and sent to the drug proving institutes for farther scrutiny. In fact, the pattern of carry oning production site review at an early phase of generic drug application processs causes some jobs, such as resource wastage and low quality cheques, and is besides detached from proficient reappraisal and GMP review. Stated in the Drafting Explanation, the new bill of exchange amendment intends to cut down struggles and optimise generic drug application processs, therefore it has postponed both the reviews on fabrication procedure and quality specifications such that they will be conducted on completion of the bioequivalence survey. Puting off the reviews to a ulterior phase enables fabricating procedures to be optimized in line with the consequences of bioequivalence survey. 5.Assorted alterations of DRR Aside from the major alterations that we have mentioned, other elusive amendments include: ( 1 ) All non-clinical safety ratings must be conducted at GLP-certified institutes. ( 2 ) The starting clip for proficient reappraisal is clearly defined as the twenty-four hours on which CDE commences a proficient reappraisal. ( 3 ) The bill of exchange amendment added two fortunes in which applications would be rejected by CFDA: ( a ) where endangered animate beings and workss are used as natural stuffs and sustainable obtention can non be ensured ; and ( B ) where production site reviews are non applied within six months. ( 4 ) SFDA was renamed as CFDA, and the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Product ( NICPBP ) was renamed as the National Institute for Food and Drug Control ( NIFDC ) . Harmonizing to the Drafting Explanation, the first two steps are designed to heighten research quality on non-clinical safety ratings and to turn to the ambiguity sing proficient reappraisal get downing clip severally. Introduction of point 3a purposes to avoid inordinate development of endangered animate beings and workss by pharmaceutical companies, whereas point 3b is employed to better the direction mechanism for production site reviews. 6.Rearrangement of internaloperatingprocesss The CFDA Department of Drug and Cosmetics Registration internally released a notice for remark on September 11, 2014, sing the standard for accepting pharmaceutical enrollment application. The notice focused on the internal operating processs of drug enrollment and application credence, peculiarly chemical drugs, every bit good as some procedural alterations. Significant alterations are listed as follow: ( 1 ) New drug application In NDA, selling blessing can merely be applied after the completion of clinical tests. But now four drug classs can be exempted from clinical test applications, connoting that appliers can straight use for marketing blessing. The four classs are normal or specific immune globulins for intramuscular injection, human albumens, multiple electrolytes injections and blood volume expanders. Furthermore, CFDA outlined new standards for the enrollment of new indicants for an sanctioned drug: merely the appliers who hold the Drug Approval Number, Import Drug License or Pharmaceutical Product License of that drug are entitled to subject the new indicant application. ( 2 ) Generic drug application The application processs for chemical drug class VI, i.e. generic drugs, have somewhat been simplified. If the first generic of a pioneer drug meets all the demands after rating, it can be marketed instantly without traveling through clinical tests. ( 3 ) Import drug application Based on current DRR, when a foreign maker submits clinical tests application for a new drug which has neer been marketed worldwide ( drug class I ) , a selling mandate issued by the exporting state should be handed in to the CFDA at the same time. This unreasonable step led to ailments and resistances from foreign makers and therefore the CFDA suggested to widen the entry deadline for this papers to the twenty-four hours on which application for marketing blessing is made. ( 4 ) Others Apart from stressing the associated applications between pharmaceutical readyings and their active pharmaceutical ingredient ( API ) , CFDA has given clear guidelines on operational processs every bit good as the demands for clinical test freedoms. The practical procedures related to auxiliary applications are besides explicitly presented, for case, alterations in fabrication reference, decrease of claimed efficaciousnesss or curative indicants, and cancellation of trade names.

Risk management plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk management plan - Essay Example The risk management strategy also explains and outlines specific responsibilities that the campaigners should take into consideration in responding to various threats posing dangers for their project. The campaign on elimination of violence against women is has risks associated with it whereby it focuses on the fight for a specific gender group, which puts of the other gender in any participation to the campaigns Violence against women is commenced and administered by men; hence a campaign towards the eradication faces a major problem in the family set up whereby the male is in charge and feels justified to cause violence whenever necessary for example in those countries that women are regarded to be submissive to their husbands regardless of the situation. The campaign has a major problem on fiscal issues following that it is a not-for-profit move, which solely depends on the donations from well-wishers and donors. Procedure of creating a competition to determine the donors contribu ting the highest amount publicly on online communities such as Facebook or twitter is also a problem involved with the campaign. This specific Campaign pose a problem in such a way that they are more focused on reaching the persons on the social network whereas the majority population is well covered by mass media including radio and TV networks. The other main problem is the specific choice of the donations from the funds solicited during the campaigns as other areas which face violence on women will fill not considered; hence not fill adequate to participate on the walk day as well as through the campaigns. Finally, the campaign is time consuming and involving following posting daily blogs and pictures on the social networks and elimination of violence against women website respectively, making regular donations, and participating in the August delegation The unruly of publicly display of donors lies in the fact that those donating small donations will fill inadequate to continues supporting the campaign once the highest are rewarded. Consequently, the campaign should encourage more on the importance of any donation no matter how small it is instead of setting up competitions for donors. In addition, this competition is prone to divert the peoples focus from the main theme of campaigning towards the elimination of violence against women to a winning competition. However, it is important to recognize those who donates high amount of funds, not by rewarding them, but issuing them a public certification to feel honored, which is a great strategy to motivating more potential donors. The problem of finance in the campaign strategy is evident from the fact that the success of the commencement of the campaign depends solely on the analysis of what it will achieve in terms of soliciting funds for the walk. The virtual walk to be scheduled prior to the final walk day campaign has a challenge following its financial requirement to make it a success, which will make do nors fill like there are two walks for the day marking elimination of violence against women. To avoid this, the campaign should focus more on convincing individual to fund the walk on the actual day and encourage the mass the

Develop Quality Management Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Develop Quality Management Project - Essay Example Project planning is a subset of overall business planning. As Haus (2011, p. 1) states, â€Å"a project management plan is the planning document, capturing the entire project end-to-end, covering all project phases, from initiation through planning, execution and closure†. In project planning, managers define the set of goals and objectives, the results they want to accomplish, and the processes that will take place to reach the results. Along with this, managers also take an estimate of the tools and resources required to complete the project. Project planning in water desalination companies is not an easy task, as it requires a complete synchronization between different business activities. Some of the main steps involved in project planning include defining the approach, sequencing the tasks to be performed, defining dependency between tasks, estimating budget and resources, identifying the tools and techniques required to complete the project, identifying the risks, taking actions to minimize the risks, and ensuring and controlling quality of processes. In this paper, the company will present a project plan for a water desalination company as per PMBOK framework. 2. What Is Water Desalination? According to Duan (2012), desalination means to make seawater free of contaminants and salt. Water desalination refers to the process of removing salts and other minerals from seawater to make it useable for humans. Seawater is not in a form suitable for humans as it contains salt that affects metabolism and causes hallucinations, nausea, and vomiting. Along with salt, seawater also contains aluminum, iodine, potassium, bromine, and substances released from seawater organisms (Underwood n.d.). Therefore, water desalination companies purify seawater in order to bring it in use of humans without any harmful effect. There are different levels of saline in seawater that have the tendency to affect human body, as well as the cost of water treatment. Scientists measu re the level of saline in parts per million (ppm). Seawater usually contains big amount of salt that ranges from 35,000 ppm to 150,000 ppm and even more. As Aintablian (2011, p. 1) states, â€Å"the more concentrated saline is in a body of water, the more energy and effort it takes to desalinize it†. Human beings can only use water which has the saline level of less than 1000 ppm. Such water is also considered safe to use for household and agricultural purposes. Therefore, companies use a number of effective water desalination methods to purify seawater. The water desalination unit deals with the purification of seawater using effective water treatement methods. Some of the famous water desalination methods include reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, electrodialysis, thermal desalination, multistage flash distillation, and multiple effect distillation. Let us now develop a project management plan for the water desalination unit of a water treatment company. 3. Name of the Compa ny The name of the company for which the project management plan will be developed is Crystal Water Company. The company deals with two key water treatment areas, which include wastewater treatment and water desalination. In this paper, the focus will be on the preparation a project plan for the water desalination area. 3. Plans To Be Included In this paper, the company will cover four key areas of project planning which include quality management plan, human resource management plan,

Research on HCl HR policy Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

On HCl HR policy - Research Proposal Example The proposed project study will be completed after 2 weeks. After conducting the project analysis, the main objective of this study is to determine whether requiring HCL's HR personnel to undergo special HR training programs will increase their ability to search for highly competitive healthcare professionals by improving its recruitment services. HR function is a very complex role and responsibility which is not limited to the screening, selection and hiring of applicants but also employees' training and development program. HCL's customers include the local and international hospitals, clinics, social services, local government authorities, and private institutions that need employees with good medical background (HCL, 2009a). In line with this, training the HCL's HR employees is necessary to improve their knowledge and skills in terms of attracting and matching highly competitive health and social care professionals with HCL's customers. There are as much as 17,000 employment agencies that are currently operating in UK (UK, 2009). To control employment agencies from taking advantage of people who are looking for work, the UK government has implemented several legislations to protect the welfare of most people against abusive employment agencies. In the past, the UK government

Primark Internal and External Analysis

Primark Internal and External Analysis There are lot of internal and external factors which may influence the performance of Primark. Over recent years, this topic has come up as the most asked question in Business and Economics lessons.   Specifically, is it ethical to buy low priced goods produced in poor countries?   My personal answer is an emphatic yes.   Its hard to see how our refusal to open some markets to free trade particularly in agriculture helps the worlds poor.   But the debate seems to hinge on the rights, conditions and dignity of the producers.   For this reason, retailers like Primark (who like Tesco find themselves on the front line of this debate because of their public profile) seek to anxiously protect their reputations as ethical employers.   Recently Primark has fired three Indian suppliers because they used child labour to finish goods. The suppliers sub-contracted smaller firms, which were using child labour to carry out embroidery and sequin work. A Panorama special on Primark will be broadcast on BBC1 at 9pm on 23 June: during their six-month investigation, the BBC uncovered the evidence which they passed to Primark. The information provided by the BBC enabled us to identify that illegal sub-contracting had been taking place and to take action accordingly à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the sub-contracting involved home working and in some instances children were also found to be working at home.   We take this lapse in standards very seriously indeed. Under no circumstances would Primark ever knowingly permit such activities, whether directly through its suppliers or through third party sub-contractors. According to Primark, the garments affected accounted for 0.04% of the retailers worldwide sourcing. It currently has more than 170 stores and made a  £200m profit in 2007 on total sales of more than  £1.6bn. Primark: An Overview Primark Stores Limited is an Irish clothing retailer. Its stores are located in various regions like United Kingdom, Ireland, and Spain. Within this area of responsibility, Primark stores outnumbered other clothing retailer business, with one hundred sixty one stores overall distributed in three major regions: one hundred twenty-five in the United Kingdom, thirty-four in Ireland and eight in Spain. The company positions itself as marketing fashionable at cutthroat prices.   The original clothing store was established by Arthur Ryan and his collaborator Micaela Mitchell in Dublin Ireland in 1969. After various success in clothing business, great profits and gross income led them to open stores in local and regional areas. It acquired various premises in different business centers within its local and regional areas which eventually generate more profits and income. Primark is known for selling clothes at the budget end of the market. Its success is based on sourcing supply, making clothes with simple designs and fabrics and targets young, fashion-conscious individuals ages 35 below, offering them simple yet high quality clothes and apparels. Hence, these successes brought significant changes on Primarks retail business. The relevance of global trends and consumers demands on lifestyle made Primark Store Limited reinvent its business scheme and management structure. Primarks management and business structure As a famous clothing retail store, recently, Primark embarks in different retail products not only restricted on manufacturing clothes but also other related products such as apparels and accessories available to all human sizes. Primark employs simple managerial operation on its stores structure. Each store has its own manager responsible in overseeing the status and business operations. With managers inherent authority, they are given the power and control to manage the store within his/her point of responsibility. Moreover, in smaller or larger branches, assistant and deputy managers are assigned to control and manage the store. Within the store, there are different subdivided departments in which a manager is assigned like senior department managers and junior department managers who are in charge for individual departments. Moreover, under management, there are supervisors in charge of staff on a sales floor, on different departments like stock room staff, customer service staff, customer service desk, cashiers who work on the tills, cash office staff and staff responsible to look after fitting rooms. This management and business structure posits a simple way of managing human labour force, however, simple it may seem, yet inevitably creates serious problems and issues if and when proper assessment of the structure will be undervalued. Analysis on the internal and external environment of Primark retail industry The Primark clothing retail industry is a member of Ethical Trading Initiative, a collaborative forum bringing together businesses to work on labour rights issues in their supply chains. In fact, Primark developed ethical strategy in order to promote labour rights issues within its organization. Certain guidelines and code of conduct must be defined in relation to the ethical implications of work to human labour rights. Primark, initiated and defined its ethical trade strategy in 2006, focusing on assessment of employees working conditions, factories operations concerns and addressed necessary improvement. Primarks annual report of activity should be passed to the Ethical Trading Initiative Board. Moreover, Primark stands to a principle that shared learning and collaboration is one of the most successful ways to achieve sustained positive progression with its suppliers factories. However, climate change within and outside Primarks environment changes as it faces the challenges posed by the global business market. Using PESTLE and SWOT analysis, let us examine the ins and outs environment of Primarks retail clothing industry. The PESTLE analysis allows us to examine the external factors affecting the environment of an organization while SWOT analysis aids us to assess organizations internal strengths and weaknesses and further identify threats and opportunities external to its environment. Hence, these methods are helpful for us to understand and underline positive and negative factors affecting the external and internal environment of an organization like Primark. In assessing the political, social, and economic factors external to the environment of Primark, we must consider different issues. Primarks business operations are subject to government policies and regulations. The business firm should conform to the set of policies and regulations stipulated and enforced by the government and policy making body while conforming to the set of regulations and policies, the firm should assume social responsibility as demanded by the global consciousness. Nowadays, business sectors no longer busied themselves to produce bonds of profits and income but deeply involved in social programs to promote social awareness and equality. Cultural and social behaviors of different consumers are important to consider when establishing or venturing business in the global landscape. Furthermore, economic, environment, laws, and technology are inseparable entities in which influence the business operations. The economic stability of certain region can contribute allot to the business condition of certain firm, like Primark. Technology on the other hand, brought a tremendous effect to the status and development of business operations and marketing programs. It generates new trends in a rapid movement, which if organizations are unaware will impede growth and development. Hence, Primarks must constantly assess its strategy with consideration to its PESTLE as external factors that in one way or the other affects its internal and business operations. Assessing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Primark, we go back to its established management or business structure. The need for re-tracking the management or business structure is important in analyzing its SWOT. As to my knowledge upon my encounter with Primarks business operations, its strengths are gained in its simple, systematic and organized business structure, having assigned proper authorities to proper positions. Moreover, its recognition for valuing high quality of products and quality services with its customers garnered more strength to attract more people. On the other hand, Primarks weaknesses can be found in its way of managing people. Although, Primark is a member of Ethical Trade Initiative, study shows given different negative issues concerning its business operations and transactions like child labour, purports less value on ethical matters. Different issues were attacking Primark concerning exploitation and abuse on labour force, other env ironmental concerns, poor working conditions, and disvaluing workers rights. Primark in different surveys was labelled as a fashion industry with oppressive regime. The primacy of autocratic and rigidity on standard structures can be a weakness as well as threats to the life of the company. Since, it goes globally, opportunities are in wide array not only on the part of venturing into regions with much income and profit to gain but also an opportunity to share and provide quality products to fashion-conscious people with vogue to fashion lifestyle. Conclusion Given this analysis we come to realize that each organization has its own external and internal problems to handle. The process in which we enable to identify and analyze such problems is by using proper management method of analysis like SWOT and PESTLE. The importance of these methods is squared to the importance of the business itself. No.2: discuss the various business strategies that firms can implement to take Advantage of different markets or trading blocks? For this purpose Porter has proposed his generic strategies which are the best to implement, in my point of view, to take advantage of different markets. These strategies are given as below. Segmentation strategy Differentiation strategy Cost leadership strategy Michael Porter has described a category scheme consisting of three general types of strategies that are commonly used by businesses to achieve and maintain competitive advantage. These three generic strategies are defined along two dimensions: strategic scope and strategic strength. Strategic scope is a demand-side dimension (Porter was originally an engineer, then an economist before he specialized in strategy) and looks at the size and composition of the market you intend to target. Strategic strength is a supply-side dimension and looks at the strength or core competency of the firm. In particular he identified two competencies that he felt were most important: product differentiation and product cost (efficiency). He originally ranked each of the three dimensions (level of differentiation, relative product cost, and scope of target market) as either low, medium, or high, and juxtaposed them in a three dimensional matrix. That is, the category scheme was displayed as a 3 by 3 by 3 cube. But most of the 27 combinations were not viable. Porters Generic Strategies In his 1980 classic Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, Porter simplifies the scheme by reducing it down to the three best strategies. They are cost leadership, differentiation, and market segmentation (or focus). Market segmentation is narrow in scope while both cost leadership and differentiation are relatively broad in market scope. Cost leadership strategy This strategy involves the firm winning market share by appealing to cost-conscious or price-sensitive customers. This is achieved by having the lowest prices in the target market segment, or at least the lowest price to value ratio (price compared to what customers receive). To succeed at offering the lowest price while still achieving profitability and a high return on investment, the firm must be able to operate at a lower cost than its rivals. There are three main ways to achieve this. The first approach is achieving a high asset turnover. In service industries, this may mean for example a restaurant that turns tables around very quickly, or an airline that turns around flights very fast. In manufacturing, it will involve production of high volumes of output. These approaches mean fixed costs are spread over a larger number of units of the product or service, resulting in a lower unit cost, i.e the firm hopes to take advantage of economies of scale and experience curve effects. For industrial firms, mass production becomes both a strategy and an end in itself. Higher levels of output both require and result in high market share, and create an entry barrier to potential competitors, who may be unable to achieve the scale necessary to match the firms low costs and prices. The second dimension is achieving low direct and indirect operating costs. This is achieved by offering high volumes of standardized products, offering basic no-frills products and limiting customization and personalization of service. Production costs are kept low by using fewer components, using standard components, and limiting the number of models produced to ensure larger production runs. Overheads are kept low by paying low wages, locating premises in low rent areas, establishing a cost-conscious culture, etc. Maintaining this strategy requires a continuous search for cost reductions in all aspects of the business. This will include outsourcing, controlling production costs, increasing asset capacity utilization, and minimizing other costs including distribution, RD and advertising. The associated distribution strategy is to obtain the most extensive distribution possible. Promotional strategy often involves trying to make a virtue out of low cost product features. A cost leadership strategy may have the disadvantage of lower customer loyalty, as price-sensitive customers will switch once a lower-priced substitute is available. A reputation as a cost leader may also result in a reputation for low quality, which may make it difficult for a firm to rebrand itself or its products if it chooses to shift to a differentiation strategy in future Differentiation strategy Differentiation is aimed at the broad market that involves the creation of a product or services that is perceived throughout its industry as unique. The company or business unit may then charge a premium for its product. This specialty can be associated with design, brand image, technology, features, dealers, network, or customers service. Differentiation is a viable strategy for earning above average returns in a specific business because the resulting brand loyalty lowers customers sensitivity to price. Increased costs can usually be passed on to the buyers. Buyers loyalty can also serve as an entry barrier-new firms must develop their own distinctive competence to differentiate their products in some way in order to compete successfully. Examples of the successful use of a differentiation strategy are Hero Honda, Asian Paints, HLL, Nike athletic shoes, Perstorp Byproducts, Apple Computer, and Mercedes-Benz automobiles. A differentiation strategy is appropriate where the target customer segment is not price-sensitive, the market is competitive or saturated, customers have very specific needs which are possibly under-served, and the firm has unique resources and capabilities which enable it to satisfy these needs in ways that are difficult to copy. These could include patents or other Intellectual Property (IP), unique technical expertise (e.g. Apples design skills or Pixars animation prowess), talented personnel (e.g. a sports teams star players or a brokerage firms star traders), or innovative processes. Successful brand management also results in perceived uniqueness even when the physical product is the same as competitors. This way, Chiquita was able to brand bananas, Starbucks could brand coffee, and Nike could brand sneakers. Fashion brands rely heavily on this form of image differentiation. Some research does suggest that a differentiation strategy is more likely to generate higher profits than is a low cost strategy because differentiation creates a better entry barrier. A low-cost strategy is more likely, however, to generate increases in market share. This however, may result from a limited understanding of profits. Differentiation strategies are indeed likely to result in higher gross and net profit margins due to the pricing power created by perceived uniqueness and high customer satisfaction. However, these higher prices will also likely result in lower sales volumes and lower asset turnovers. As such, the effects on Returns on Capital are likely to be neutral. As illustrated in the Dupont ratio therefore, a firm can achieve high profitability and Returns on Capital by being either a successful differentiator (with high margins and low volumes) or a successful cost leader (with low margins and high volumes). One strategy is not necessarily more profitable than the other. Variants on the Differentiation Strategy The shareholder value model holds that the timing of the use of specialized knowledge can create a differentiation advantage as long as the knowledge remains unique. This model suggests that customers buy products or services from an organization to have access to its unique knowledge. The advantage is static, rather than dynamic, because the purchase is a one-time event. The unlimited resources model utilizes a large base of resources that allows an organization to outlast competitors by practicing a differentiation strategy. An organization with greater resources can manage risk and sustain losses more easily than one with fewer resources. This deep-pocket strategy provides a short-term advantage only. If a firm lacks the capacity for continual innovation, it will not sustain its competitive position is over time. Criticisms of generic strategies Several commentators have questioned the use of generic strategies claiming they lack specificity, lack flexibility, and are limiting. In particular, Miller (1992) questions the notion of being caught in the middle. He claims that there is a viable middle ground between strategies. Many companies, for example, have entered a market as a niche player and gradually expanded. According to Baden-Fuller and Stopford (1992) the most successful companies are the ones that can resolve what they call the dilemma of opposites. A popular post-Porter model was presented by W. Chan Kim and Renà ©e Mauborgne in their 1999 Harvard Business Review article Creating New Market Space. In this article they described a value innovation model in which companies must look outside their present paradigms to find new value propositions. Their approach fundamentally goes against Porters concept that a firm must focus either on cost leadership or on differentiation. They later went on to publish their ideas in the book Blue Ocean Strategy. Q.No.3: analyse how the firms and industries are benefitted by globalization and the role technology has played? Globalization, since World War II, is largely the result of planning by politicians to break down borders hampering trade to increase prosperity and interdependence thereby decreasing the chance of future war. Their work led to the Bretton Woods conference, an agreement by the worlds leading politicians to lay down the framework for international commerce and finance, and the founding of several international institutions intended to oversee the processes of globalization. These institutions include the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), and the International Monetary Fund. Globalization has been facilitated by advances in technology which have reduced the costs of trade, and trade negotiation rounds, originally under the auspices of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which led to a series of agreements to remove restrictions on free trade. Since World War II, barriers to international trade have been considerably lowered through international agreements   GATT. Particular initiatives carried out as a result of GATT and the World Trade Organization (WTO), for which GATT is the foundation, have included: Promotion of free trade: elimination of tariffs; creation of free trade zones with small or no tariffs Reduced transportation costs, especially resulting from development of containerization for ocean shipping. Reduction or elimination of capital controls Reduction, elimination, or harmonization of subsidies for local businesses Creation of subsidies for global corporations Harmonization of intellectual property laws across the majority of states, with more restrictions Supranational recognition of intellectual property restrictions (e.g. patents granted by China would be recognized in the United States) Cultural globalization, driven by communication technology and the worldwide marketing of Western cultural industries, was understood at first as a process of homogenization, as the global domination of American culture at the expense of traditional diversity. However, a contrasting trend soon became evident in the emergence of movements protesting against globalization and giving new momentum to the defense of local uniqueness, individuality, and identity, but largely without success.[33] The Uruguay Round (1986 to 1994)[34] led to a treaty to create the WTO to mediate trade disputes and set up a uniform platform of trading. Other bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, including sections of Europes Maastricht Treaty and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have also been signed in pursuit of the goal of reducing tariffs and barriers to trade. World exports rose from 8.5% in 1970, to 16.2% of total gross world product in 2001 Advantages of Globalization Globalization means increasing the interdependence, connectivity and integration on a global level with respect to the social, cultural, political, technological, economic and ecological levels. People around the world are more connected to each other than ever before. Information and money flow quicker than ever. Products produced in one part of a country are available to the rest of the world. It is much easier for people to travel, communicate and do business internationally. This whole phenomenon has been called globalization. Spurred on in the past by merchants, explorers, colonialists and internationalists, globalization has in more recent times been increasing rapidly due to improvements in communications, information and transport technology. It has also been encouraged by trade liberalization and financial market deregulation.Globalization offers a higher standard of living for people in rich countries and is the only realistic route out of poverty for the worlds poor. Pro-g lobalization groups e.g. World Trade Organization and the World Economic Forum believe that globalization helps to reduce poverty and increase living standards as well as encourage a better cultural understanding. Also, due to globalization, there can be international co-operation to solve environmental and social problems. Technology has now created the possibility and even the likelihood of a global culture. The Internet, fax machines and satellites have swept away the old national cultural boundaries. Global entertainment companies now seem to shape the understandings and dreams of ordinary citizens, wherever they live. Globalization leads to better cultural understanding and tolerance. Because of improvements in travel, more and more people are traveling to different countries, thereby spreading their culture to other parts of the world. Advantages of Globalization We have moved from a world where the big eat the small to a world where the fast eat the slow, as observed by Klaus Schwab of the Davos World Economic Forum. All economic analysts must agree that the living standards of people have considerably improved through the market growth. With the development in technology and their introduction in the global markets, there is not only a steady increase in the demand for commodities but has also led to greater utilization. Investment sector is witnessing high infusions by more and more people connected to the worlds trade happenings with the help of computers. As per statistics, everyday more than $1.5 trillion is now swapped in the worlds currency markets and around one-fifth of products and services are generated per year are bought and sold. Buyers of products and services in all nations comprise one huge group who gain from world trade for reasons encompassing opportunity charge, comparative benefit, economical to purchase than to produce, trades guidelines, stable business and alterations in consumption and production. Compared to others, consumers are likely to profit less from globalization. Another factor which is often considered as a positive outcome of globalization is the lower inflation. This is because the market rivalry stops the businesses from increasing prices unless guaranteed by steady productivity. Technological advancement and productivity expansion are the other benefits of globalization because since 1970s growing international rivalry has triggered the industries to improvise increasingly. Goods and people are transported with more easiness and speed  the possibility of war between the developed countries decreases  free trade between countries increases  global mass media connects all the people in the world  as the cultural barriers reduce, the global village dream becomes more realistic  there is a propagation of democratic ideals  the interdependence of the nation-states increases  as the liquidity of capital increases, developed countries can invest in developing ones  the flexibility of corporations to operate across borders increases  the communication between the individuals and corporations in the world increases  environmental protection in developed countries increases   Effects of globalization Enhancement in the information flow between geographically remote locations The global common market has a freedom of exchange of goods and capital There is a broad access to a range of goods for consumers and companies  worldwide production markets emerge Free circulation of people of different nations leads to social benefits Global environmental problems like cross-boundary pollution, over fishing on oceans, climate changes are solved by discussions More transborder data flow using communication satellites, the Internet, wireless telephones etc. International criminal courts and international justice movements are launched The standards applied globally like patents, copyright laws and world trade agreements increase Corporate, national and sub national borrowers have a better access to external finance Worldwide financial markets emerge Multiculturalism spreads as there is individual access to cultural diversity. This diversity decreases due to hybridization or assimilation International travel and tourism increases Worldwide sporting events like the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup are held Enhancement in worldwide fads and pop culture Local consumer products are exported to other countries Immigration between countries increases Cross-cultural contacts grow and cultural diffusion takes place There is an increase in the desire to use foreign ideas and products, adopt new practices and technologies and be a part of world culture Free trade zones are formed having less or no tariffs Due to development of containerization for ocean shipping, the transportation costs are reduced Subsidies for local businesses decrease Capital controls reduce or vanquish There is supranational recognition of intellectual property restrictions i.e. patents authorized by one country are recognized in another Advantages of globalization in the developing world It is claimed that globalization increases the economic prosperity and opportunity in the developing world. The civil liberties are enhanced and there is a more efficient use of resources. All the countries involved in the free trade are at a profit. As a result, there are lower prices, more employment and a better standard of life in these developing nations. It is feared that some developing regions progress at the expense of other developed regions. However, such doubts are futile as globalization is a positive-sum chance in which the skills and technologies enable to increase the living standards throughout the world. Liberals look at globalization as an efficient tool to eliminate penury and allow the poor people a firm foothold in the global economy. In two decades from 1981 to 2001, the number of people surviving on $1 or less per day decreased from 1.5 billion to 1.1 billion. Simultaneously, the world population also increased. Thus, the percentage of such people decreased fr om 40% to 20% in such developing countries

Destruction of the American Dream in Arthur Millers Death of A Salesma

Destruction of the American Dream in Arthur Miller's Death of A Salesman A white picket fence surrounds the tangible icons of the American Dreams in the middle 1900's: a mortgage, an automobile, a kitchen appliance paid for on the monthly - installment - plan, and a silver trophy representative of high school football triumph. A pathetic tale examining the consequences of man's harmartias, Arthur Miller's "Death of A Salesman" satisfies many, but not all, of the essential elements of a tragedy. Reality peels away the thin layers of Willy Loman's American Dream; a dream built on a lifetime of poor choices and false values. Although the characters are not of noble birth nor possess a heroic nature nor experience a reversal of fortune, many of the elements in "Death of A Salesman" fulfill the criteria of a classic tragedy. The downfall and crisis points in the play are directly linked to the Loman family's combined harmartias, or personal flaws. The Loman's have unrealistic ideas regarding the meaning of success. To Willy, the foundation of success is not education or hard work, but rather "who you know and the smile on your face." Moreover, Willy ridicules the education Bernard has earned, declaring that his sons, Biff and Hap, will get further ahead in the business world because "the man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ahead. Be liked, and you will never want." Willy idolizes two men: his brother, Ben, who walked out of an African jungle a rich man, and an 84-year-old salesman who could "pick a phone in twenty or thirty cities an d be remembered and loved, and finally honored by hundred of mourners at his funeral." To Linda, success is paying off a 25... ...ue values. In addition to the link between a character's downfall and the character's harmartias, recognition, or personal discovery, is a crucial element of tragedy. In the requiem of the play, Biff had a glimpse of personal recognition, although Willy, Linda, and Hap never discover the truth about themselves. Biff realizes Willy had the wrong dreams. In accepting the truth about his father, Biff is able to make a decision about his own future based on a realistic view of his capabilities. Is "Death of A Salesman" a tragedy or an illustration of pathos? By classic standards of tragedy the play fails only in the types of characters and lack of reversal of fortune, not in its examination of the consequences of man's harmartias. Realistic dreams, suitable choices, and honest values are the necessary tools to build the white picket fence of the American Dream.

Demonstrative Communication Essay

Provide examples showing how demonstrative communication can be effective and ineffective, positive and negative, for the sender and receiver.   Demonstrative Communication is the process of people’s thoughts and messages of communicating by actively listening in verbal and nonverbal communication. Depending on how a message is communicated, â€Å"can be effective and ineffective, either positive or negative† (Juancho24, 2012). Communication is used everywhere for instance all over the world. There are many forms of communication by applying communication process model for example; â€Å"sender/receiver, encoding, decoding, message, channel, and feedback† (Cheesbro, O’Connor, and Rios, 2010). Learning to develop communication skills can help individuals to carry appropriate conversations and to interpret the connection with one another. There are many ways to communicate verbal and nonverbal for example, a parent tells his child how proud he is to be his parent and then gives him a hug, the parent expresses verbal communication by using positive words and applies nonverbal communication with a hug, body language. Individuals express verbal communication through oral or written skills. Verbal communication is the tone of voice that indicates how engaged the topic is and the ability to realize the emotions perceived. A person’s tempo in a conversation can be understood with the ideas being communicated. When sending a message in verbal communication the words accustomed to, can convey differently then how the receiver defines the context. Nonverbal communication is unstoppable and significantly valuable as much as speaking with a loud tone of voice and communicating verbally. In nonverbal communication, â€Å"All types of communication do not involve the exchange of words,† is defined as nonverbal communication† (Rogers & Steinfatt, 1999, p. 67). A facial expression is the most common skill used in nonverbal communication for example; a smile or frown, eye contact, body language, and gestures. Overall, nonverbal communication can be effective positively and can be negatively ineffective in two different points of views. First example, husbands and wives communicate with each other by observing each other’s body language. This is a positive way of communication by effectively knowing each others thoughts. Second example, Children know as soon as their parents turn to look at them, the meaning is to stop misbehaving and could mean they are in trouble. The second example used is both effective and ineffective. Third example, a smile or frown can interpret a person to be happy or angry. The person could also be interpreted as approachable or would rather be left alone. This is positively effective and negatively ineffective. Fourth example, an individual waving or a hand shake in America, can be interrupted as a friendly sign or a strong individual but can also be interrupted as insulting and rude in other countries. This example is both effective and ineffective with positive and negative communication. However, verbal communication consequently has similar negatively ineffective as positively effective. First example, the lack of listening leads to misconception and when listening carefully the outcome becomes essential to the receiver. Both examples are ineffective and effective. Second example, is the choice of vocabulary and taking into consideration who will be receiving the information. This is used by effectively positive. Third example, the lack of verbal speech and failing to interpret the proper speech causes misunderstanding. In another way the proper use of speech can help the receiver to understand what is being interpreted. Example is used by ineffective with negative outcome but if used correctly can be effective with positive outcomes. Explain how demonstrative communication involves listening and responding. Listening and responding is used in demonstrative communication to engage the active communication skill from sender to receiver. This process is very important to both sender and receiver, by actively listening and ready to respond. One example is a sender and receiver must be willing to communicate properly. â€Å"Accurate listening efficiency promotes retention of important information, resulting in fewer misunderstandings and on-the-job errors† (Wilson, n.d., p. 1). Once a sender is ready to send out a message it is important for the receiver to receive the correct information by evaluating the message sent, this way the receiver can respond back with feedback and a solution. Applying the steps in the communication process model, mentioned in the first paragraph of this essay will go hand in hand with the practice of listening and responding which will help by demonstrating communication through the steps being practice. An example of listening and responding with children is, â€Å"monkey see monkey do† (Uebergang, 2006, Dec.20). Listening and responding is a process to be learned as individuals who continues to repeat the process with a good attitude. Conclusion Communicating can never be avoided no matter how hard we try and cannot solve every issue. Demonstrative communicate is an ongoing process of how we interact within one another every day, in different settings of environment such as professional, at home, work, and community. Verbal and nonverbal communication is deceiving if misunderstood. Therefore, communicating can be a lifelong advancement. References Cheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., & Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the workplace. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Juancho24 (2012, 02). Demonstrative Communication. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 02, 2012, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Demonstrative-Communication-914632.html Rogers, E. M., & Steinfatt, T. M. (1999). Intercultural communication. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press. Uebergang, J. (2006, December 20). Teaching your child listening skills. Improving our â€Å"signals† and â€Å"beings.† Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www.earthlingcommunication.com/blog/teachingyour-child-listening-skills.php Wilson, B. (n.d.). Practical benefits of better listening forleaders and teams. Retrieved April 6, 2007, from www.businesslistening.com/leadership_listening-skills.php

Free Essays on Struggle Against Slavery

Plowing Liberation â€Å"In every human Breast, God has implanted a Principle which we call love of freedom; it is impatient of Oppression and pants for Deliverance; and by the leave of our modern Egyptians I will assert, that the same principle lives in us.† - Phylis Wheatley For centuries, America blossomed from the labors of a povished race. Through beatings, mental abuse, trickery and all-out cruelty, White Americans worked to control African Americans in every aspect. An economical control of free labor diminished any ideas of liberation for African Americans. Peter Wood, author of â€Å"The Dream Deferred,† Peter Sterns, author of â€Å"Culture, Conflict, and Community,† and Olaudah Equiano, author of The Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano describes the life of slaves before freedom ever imagined a toll; two of which addresses the slaves docility or lack there of. From narratives to historical journals, each author uses their own technique to represent Blacks’ resistance and struggle against slavery. In â€Å"The Dream Deferred,† Peter Wood takes a more modern tone analyzing slaves resistance since the 18th century. Wood fights to diminish common stereotypes past historians misrepresented with the slaves. One the most important topics addressed is the idea of docility. Somewhere through history Americans were led to believe the slaves where feeble minded and accepting to the cruelty bestowed on them. Wood speaks of several uprisings used to position the slaves to receive emancipation in the future. A tactic Wood frequently refers to is the slaves’ choice to partner with the British during the war and inspire uprising in American towns. The slaves mocked the sons of liberty while â€Å"crying out’ Liberty!† They also formed their own secrete language through church songs, usually uprising against their suppressors. An often-overlooked fact about the slave revolts is in the summer... Free Essays on Struggle Against Slavery Free Essays on Struggle Against Slavery Plowing Liberation â€Å"In every human Breast, God has implanted a Principle which we call love of freedom; it is impatient of Oppression and pants for Deliverance; and by the leave of our modern Egyptians I will assert, that the same principle lives in us.† - Phylis Wheatley For centuries, America blossomed from the labors of a povished race. Through beatings, mental abuse, trickery and all-out cruelty, White Americans worked to control African Americans in every aspect. An economical control of free labor diminished any ideas of liberation for African Americans. Peter Wood, author of â€Å"The Dream Deferred,† Peter Sterns, author of â€Å"Culture, Conflict, and Community,† and Olaudah Equiano, author of The Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano describes the life of slaves before freedom ever imagined a toll; two of which addresses the slaves docility or lack there of. From narratives to historical journals, each author uses their own technique to represent Blacks’ resistance and struggle against slavery. In â€Å"The Dream Deferred,† Peter Wood takes a more modern tone analyzing slaves resistance since the 18th century. Wood fights to diminish common stereotypes past historians misrepresented with the slaves. One the most important topics addressed is the idea of docility. Somewhere through history Americans were led to believe the slaves where feeble minded and accepting to the cruelty bestowed on them. Wood speaks of several uprisings used to position the slaves to receive emancipation in the future. A tactic Wood frequently refers to is the slaves’ choice to partner with the British during the war and inspire uprising in American towns. The slaves mocked the sons of liberty while â€Å"crying out’ Liberty!† They also formed their own secrete language through church songs, usually uprising against their suppressors. An often-overlooked fact about the slave revolts is in the summer...

Deregulation Essays - Air Traffic Control, Free Essays, Term Papers

Deregulation Essays - Air Traffic Control, Free Essays, Term Papers Deregulation Deregulation of the U.S. airline industry has resulted in ticket prices dropping by a third, on an inflation-adjusted basis. As a result some 1.6 million people fly on 4,000 aircraft every day. Airlines carried 643 million passengers in 1998, a 25% increase over 1993 and the FAA estimates that the nations airline system will have to accommodate 917 million passengers by the year 2008. The growth in air travel threatens to overwhelm the presently inadequate air traffic control system, which has not kept pace with available technology in navigation, communications, and flight surveillance. Much of the equipment used for air traffic control today is based on fifty-year-old technology; for example, analog simplex voice links for communications and ground-based radar for surveillance, and VHF Omnidirectional Range/Distance Measuring Equipment (VOR/DME) for navigation. The lack of system automation imposes heavy workloads on human air traffic controllers and increases the risk of accidents in heavy traffic situations. Capacity limits are being reached in both airports and airspace, with congestion delays in departure and arrival schedules reaching record numbers. Funds to upgrade the air traffic control system are available in the trust fund created to receive the tax applied to airline passenger tickets and the tax on fuel for general aviation. The General Accounting Office says modernizing the air traffic control system will cost at least 17 billion for just the first 5 years of the FAAs 15-year National Airspace System improvement plan. It is the NAS that provides the services and infrastructure for air transportation. Air transportation represents 6% of the Nations gross domestic product, so the NAS is a critical element of our national economy. Given the size of the NAS, the task ahead is enormous. Our NAS includes more than 18,300 airports, 21 air route traffic control centers, over 460 air traffic control towers and 75 flight service stations, and approximately 4,500 air navigation facilities. The NAS spans the country, extends into the oceans, and interfaces with neighboring air traffic control systems for international flights. The NAS relies on approximately 30,000 FAA employees to provide air traffic control, flight service, security, and field maintenance services. More than 616,000 active pilots operating over 280,000 commercial, regional, general aviation and military aircraft use the NAS. On March 11, 1999, the FAA released the NAS Architecture Version 4.0 to the public. Key influences on the architecture include the 1996 White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security, which recommended that the FAA accelerate modernization of the NAS, and the 1997 National Civil Aviation Review Commission, which recommended funding and performance management methods for implementing NAS modernization. It describes the agencys modernization strategy from 1998 through 2015. Based on the Free Flight operational concept, Version 4.0 contains capabilities, technologies, and systems to enhance the safety of the aviation system and provide users and service providers with more efficient services. Free Flight centers on allowing pilots, whenever practical, to choose the optimum flight profile. This concept of operations is expected to decrease user costs, improve airspace flexibility, and remove flight restrictions. The NAS Architecture is divided into three modernization phases and its implementation is being synchronized with the International Civil Aviation Organization to ensure interoperability and global integration. h Phase 1 (1998-2002) focuses on sustaining essential air traffic control services and delivering early user benefits. Free Flight Phase 1 will be implemented. Controller computer workstations will begin major upgrades. Satellite-based navigation systems will be deployed, and air-to-air surveillance will be introduced. The Year 2000 computer problem will hopefully be fixed. h Phase 2 (2003-2007) concentrates on deploying the next generation of communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS) equipment and the automation upgrades necessary to accommodate new CNS capabilities. Satellite-based navigation systems will be further augmented in local areas for more precise approaches. New digital radios that maximize the spectrum channels will be installed. As users equip, automatic dependent surveillance ground equipment will be installed to extend air traffic control surveillance services to non-radar areas. Tools from Phase 1 will be deployed throughout the NAS and upgraded as necessary. h Phase 3 (2008-2015) completes the required infrastructure and integration of automation advancements with the new CNS technologies, enabling additional Free Flight capabilities throughout the NAS. Two important features will be NAS-wide information sharing

Nursing Program-Ethical Dilemma Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing Program-Ethical Dilemma - Research Paper Example Within the health care provision, there is the nursing profession that deals with the care that is provided to the individuals, communities, and families in a bid to make them attain, recover, and maintain a quality life with optimal health. There is, however, a clear differentiation of nursing from other health care providers through several criteria that revolve around their approach to the patient in providing care, practice, scope as well as the training (Guido 62). It will be appreciated that most of the nurses only provide care with the directive of the physician, and this is probably why nursing profession is referred to as care providers. The assignments undertaken by nurses are challenging, and they usually strive to offer the best out of their capacity. Despite this, they encounter a challenging and ethical dilemma and meet varied reaction from the parties involved. In this regard, there have been cases that nurses made decision which were not welcoming to a selected group of persons. Nevertheless, nurses are also allowed to independently practice and make jurisdictions based on their level of training. Due to the technological advancement in various fields, nursing has faced several evolutions and is diverting rapidly to accommodate areas that traditionally were not observed to be valuable. According to the American Nursing Association (ANA), nursing is referred to as a profession that takes the responsibility of providing protection, optimizing health, promoting those skills that will enhance a healthy living and alleviating suffering inflicted through unrelenting diagnosis and treatment (Bishop and Scudder 54). They are also believed to be the advocates for the families, communities, population and individuals so that the latter can embrace a healthy living life. With reference to this, it is unfortunate that nurses are faced with several issues during the discharge of their duties, and this is impairing their abilities to take full responsibilities in the wor k that they should do. Nurses are also faced with a plethora of ethical dilemmas that need to be adequately addresses to allow them have courage and take charge for their duties. When encountered by an ethical dilemma, the decision one makes may have severe consequences, which may be beyond his/her capacity. In this regard, several nurses have been charged for action that they have done while providing care for the patients, and this has attracted a divided opinion on the same. In this regard, careful consideration of all aspects of an activity should be done to ensure that the right course of action is taken. Nurses have the responsibility of providing the best service to their clients (patient), in a bid to ensure that their recovery is quick. Despite this, it is also agreed that the recovery of a patient is to some extent beyond the capabilities of nurses. There are the proponents of the opinion that nurses have to be charged in case of deteriorating health of the patient which c an be attributed to them. On the same breath, there are those who believe that nurses are supposed to be cushioned by the law under such circumstance that a dilemma arises and not be liable for any prosecution in a given case. The opponents of the nurses’ prosecution believe that there is no justification to file a suit for a nurse who is discharging a mandate, and resolving a dilemma, opt for a course that dissatisfies other parties. They propose that in the case of a dilemma, the nurse should remain supreme and be insulated against any form of prosecution. Moreover, no matter how direct the solution to a problem appear, any decision made meet mixed reactions, and thus it is impossible to meet the expectation of all persons. In this regard, provided that the

Intelligent Exploitation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intelligent Exploitation - Case Study Example The major business challenge that Hazendal encounters is in the effective management of its complex wine production operations which includes scheduling the harvest of grapes, process management of wine production and marketing management of the final product. In spite of the huge volume of sales undertaken by Hazendal, the current data and information management systems in the organization is very primitive. It consisted of distributed databases of operations, non-inclusion of IT based management for variety of activities like grape allocation, sales data that includes the information on product, customer and region/country. At the same time, the sales invoice was issued separately using professional accounting software. Thus the fragmented style of information management led to high levels of operational inefficiency, extended delays in information transmission and inconsistency in sales and inventory reports. Besides, the company constantly conducts extensive outdoor customer retention and relationship building programs, which was very essential for the preparation of effective marketing plan. Thus to integrate its operation and to have increased efficiency and integrated operations across all departments, Hazendal Management decided t o implement a custom designed information management software. ... The essay presented here reviews two separate project phases in connection with the information management project at Hazendal. Phase I is related to the design and implementation of the vineyards management system for Hazendal and the Phase II draws the attention towards the barriers to its intelligent exploitation. Intelligent Exploitation Theory: Frameworks and Literature Review The term "Intelligent Exploitation" is coined to explain the inadequacies observed in extracting the full potential of information technology investments that have been made in the organizations (Holtham, 2008). It is observed that huge investments made by the organizations have not resulted in a significant improvement on their business or organizational management practices (Clemons et al, 1990). Also, all the earlier initiatives made across the world to improve and upgrade the technology didn't place the knowledge and information in the centre stage of all the activities (Brynjolfsson, 1991). Thus the advantages that the organizations could claim to possess towards the preparation of their growth strategies were also very insignificant. Implementations of IT tools have helped the organizations to create rich repositories of in-house data, which are not properly used for their own strategic advantage (Davern and Kauffman, 2000). In the present day circumstances the organizations n eed to be elevated to the status of creators of knowledge and thus transforming the organizations as a learning system (Dos Santos et al, 2000). But, contrary to the expectations IT investments were not able to justify the creation of specific strength within the organization to address the objectives of equipping the group to grow as